A team of researchers have designed a detector software to constantly keep a track of harmful changes in the blood flow to the brain.

Researchers from the Johns Hopkins Children’s Center and Cambridge University in England have designed the automated system that would help in avoiding brain damage and death in children with head injuries.

According to the U.S. Centres for Disease Control, Brain damage has been the major cause of death of children and some 475,000 children suffer from brain injuries every year.

“More tests are needed, but we have demonstrated the value of gathering much more detailed information over time about what safe levels of pressure and oxygen are in children,” says Ken Brady, M.D., a critical-care specialist at the Johns Hopkins Children’s Center.

“Despite our ability to monitor pressure and oxygen levels, we have desperately needed more information about what are optimal levels for damage prevention in children.

“Not knowing that is much like flying a plane in a fog, but this new software is helping us map safe terrain and danger zones in blood pressure,” Brady says.

Healthy brains regulate blood flow and oxygen levels during drops and spikes in blood pressure, but injured brains may lose this fail-safe mechanism, leading to oxygen starvation and permanent brain damage.

Although monitors have long been able to track blood pressure and blood flow to the brain, the Hopkins-Cambridge team created a system that for the first time precisely determines the “breakpoint” at which the brain begins to lose its ability to cope with changes in blood pressure.

The software does this by gauging minute shifts in blood pressure and oxygenation every 60 seconds and alerting doctors when they approach critical levels.

Using a software program developed by two Cambridge scientists, Hopkins doctors fed data into a computer from two staples of the paediatric intensive care unit—an old-fashioned arterial blood pressure monitor and an oxygen meter that uses beams of infrared light to estimate oxygen saturation in the brain.

The software essentially makes these two devices talk to each other, researchers explain, showing in a continuous stream the interplay between blood pressure and oxygen levels, whether the brain is coping with pressure changes, and more importantly, what blood pressure range is conducive to that.

“This intricate interplay between oxygenation and blood flow was the big unknown in what is indeed a simple equation, and now we’ve pinpointed the level where arterial blood pressure needs to be in order to promote healing in the injured brain,” Brady says.

In traumatic brain injuries, some brain damage occurs on impact, but much damage and indeed many deaths occur in the critical two-to-five-day window following the injury, a critical time when brain function must be monitored to ward off damage. This is when and where the new system will be most useful, researchers say.

The technique could be also used in premature babies, who are particularly prone to ischemic strokes and bleeding in the brain because of their brains’ immature self-regulatory mechanisms and their fragile blood vessels.

Source-ANI
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